- Postcard Collection of Mullins, South Carolina3
- Postcards of the Midlands867
- Primary Sources for K-12, Pilot Project6
- Proclamations, Politics, and Commerce: Broadsides from the Colonial Era to the Present at the South Caroliniana Library155
- Program of... the Bishop's Council of the African Methodist Episcopal Church1
- Rabbi Jacob S. Raisin Papers2
- Richard Furman and James C. Furman Collection17
- Richland County Public Library Historical Collections15
- Richland Library Archives202
- Robert McNair: In His Own Words8
- Russell Maxey Photograph Collection1,680
- Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps of South Carolina11
- Sarah Campbell Allan, M.D. Papers 1895-19522
- Sargeant Studios120
- Senator Burnet R. Maybank Papers, 1914-197347
- Septima P. Clark Papers, ca. 1910-ca. 199035
- Skateboarding's Journey to the Olympics Oral History Collection22
- Slavery at South Carolina College, 1801-186558
- Smith and Wells Papers, 1856-19076
- South Carolina Aerial Photograph Indexes, 1937-19898