- Records of the Church of the Holy Cross, 1788-19428
- Register Mesne Conveyance Collections1
- Renfrew Bleachery15
- Report on the Census of Cuba, 18991
- Reports and Research Literature10,445
- Residences70
- Residences
3
- Reverend Alexander Glennie Meteorological Observations, 1834-18808
- Rice Harvest at Mulberry Plantation (Berkeley County, SC)34
- Richard Furman and James C. Furman Collection792
- Richard L. Johnson Medical Record Book, 1863-1864, 1867-18831
- Richard L. Walker: In His Own Words40
- Richland County Public Library Historical Collections16
- Richland Library Archives203
- Richmond Plantation Journal, 1859-18601
- Robert "Bob" Inglis Papers, Ephemera1
- Robert B. Ariail Collection of Historical Astronomy477
- Robert B. Ariail Collection of Historical Astronomy.2
- Robert F. W. Allston papers, 1817-18681
- Robert Gilmor Travel Account1